13 破産の画家ホーイェン♪

1596年1月13日は、画家ホーイェンの生まれた日♪

ヤン・ファン・ホーイェンは、17世紀オランダの画家♪

ライデンで生まれ、10歳の頃から複数の画家の下で修行していた。1617年頃、画家エサイアス・ファン・デ・フェルデの元で風景画の技法を習ってから才能を花開かせ、30歳の頃には師の作品と見紛うかのような作品を描くようになった♪

彼は作品に署名と製作年月日を挿入する癖があったので、創作年代と作風の変化がはっきりと辿れるんだ♪

　　　　　　　　　　↓『川の眺め』（1636年）

　　　　　　　　↓素描『典型的なオランダの橋』（1651年）

当時の彼の名声は高く、1651年にはハーグの市長室を飾るパノラマ風景画も担当した。同時に、非常に多くの仕事をこなし、現存する絵だけで1,000枚以上確認でき、更にそれに匹敵する素描も残されている。

これだけ多くの絵を描き、多額な報酬を得ていたにも関わらず、彼は様々な投資を行っては失敗し続け、常に貧困に悩まされて、没したときには破産寸前だったんだって（汗

しかし、その後のオランダの風景画家たちへの多大な影響を大いなる遺産として、後世に再評価されたんだヨ♪

Jan Josephszoon van Goyen (13 January 1596 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. Van Goyen was an extremely prolific artist; approximately twelve hundred paintings and more than one thousand drawings by him are known.

Jan van Goyen was the son of a shoemaker and started as an apprentice in Leiden, the town of his birth. Like many Dutch painters of his time, Jan van Goyen studied art in the town of Haarlem with Esaias van de Velde. At age 35, he established a permanent studio at Den Haag (The Hague). Crenshaw tells (and mentions the sources) that van Goyen's landscape paintings rarely fetched high prices, but he made up for the modest value of individual pieces by increasing his production, painting thinly and quickly with a limited palette of inexpensive pigments. Despite his market innovations, he always sought more income, not only through related work as an art dealer and auctioneer but also by speculating in tulips and real estate. Although the latter was usually a safe avenue of investing money, in van Goyen's experience it led to enormous debts. Paulus Potter rented one of his houses. Though he seems to have kept a workshop, his only registered pupils were Nicolaes van Berchem, Jan Steen, and Adriaen van der Kabel. The list of painters he influenced is much longer.

In 1652 and 1654 he was forced to sell his collection of paintings and graphic art, and he subsequently moved to a smaller house. He died in 1656 in The Hague, still unbelievably 18,000 guilders in debt, forcing his widow to sell their remaining furniture and paintings. Van Goyen's troubles also may have affected the early business prospects of his student and son-in-law Jan Steen, who left The Hague in 1654.